![]() Rust will chip away at your pipes till they leak, costing you money in repairs and wasting a lot of water. Rusty water pipes, whether inside or outside your home, are not only unsightly. Corrosion can also introduce rust and other impurities into your drinking water. It can also result in pinhole leaks, which can cause water damage. The pipes rust on the inside, gradually enlarging the aperture in the tube as the rust builds up. Even when protected by the zinc covering, galvanized pipes corrode after years of continuous contact with water. Galvanized pipes have a 50-year lifespan. ![]() The galvanizing flakes off with age, and the pipes rust. Galvanized pipes are made of iron or steel and then coated with the molten zinc to keep them from rusting. Rust is a reddish-brown iron oxide generated by the redox interaction of oxygen and iron in water or in the air. Rust is the outcome of metals like iron and steel corroding or breaking down. When the city shifted to a water supply with lower pH values, the municipal plumbing pipes rusted quickly, contaminating the water with lead and hard metals. Flint, Michigan, is a well-known example of acidic water corrosion. This water progressively dissolves everything it comes into contact with, including lead and copper, by leaching hard metals and compounds from the pipes. Copper corrosion and pipe damage can result from this combination of circumstances.”Īcidic water will corrode all sorts of pipes. The soil is excessively high in sulfate and chloride compounds and is constantly damp in this scenario. “ Sulfate and chloride corrosion are the most common causes of copper corrosion in buried copper pipelines. This type of iron rust can slowly eat away at the pipe, causing holes and eventually collapse. When oxygen reacts with metal in the presence of water, whether liquid or gaseous, it causes corrosion. Most people associate rust with iron or steel. Conversely, deposits are left on items such as plumbing pipes and water fixtures when the pH of the water is high or (more alkaline). The pH of rainwater is usually about 5.Īcidic water helps the corrosion process by dissolving and holding more solids. Water with a pH value less than 6.5 is considered acidic. The water pH changes as it absorbs dissolved particles and liquids. ![]() ![]() And once the substance dissolves, it is made part of the water solution. With sufficient time, it will dissolve anything, including rock. It’s crucial that you know how to remove rust from inside pipes if you want to keep your plumbing running smoothly. The time it takes for the material to corrode is determined by a variety of factors, including the sort of material, the water acidity, and the compounds in your drinkable water. Trending Questions How many light years away is hadar from earth? What mathematical equation would you use to explain why the sun and the moon appear to be the same size? What is the sun farthest north or south of the equator at this time? What would happen if a magnetar was next to Earth? What is the name of the giant bubble of charged gas that surrounds the sun? Can you shake up a soda bottle in outer space? How many light years is about 1.If your plumbing system uses metal pipes, such as copper, galvanized steel, cast iron, or brass, you are bound to encounter rust at some point. ![]()
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![]() Who is a candidate for hormone pellet therapy? Most insurance companies are unlikely to cover compounded bioidentical hormone therapy because it is not FDA-approved. Healthcare insurance may cover FDA-approved hormone therapy, but the extent of the coverage may vary among plans. The cost of hormone pellet therapy can vary depending on the provider, but an average cost may be close to $1,536 each year. What do hormone pellets for menopause cost? Learn more about hormone replacement therapy.īelow, we answer some common questions about hormone pellet therapy. Combined hormone therapy: This type may help lower the risk of colon cancer.Systemic estrogen: Systemic estrogen helps protect against bone loss that can occur in early menopause, and it may help prevent osteoporosis.Systemic and local estrogen: This therapy may help relieve vaginal dryness.Systemic estrogen therapy: This therapy, either with or without progestin, may be the best treatment for night sweats and hot flashes.The ACOG recommends FDA-approved hormone therapy, which includes: However, there is no scientific evidence to support the effectiveness or safety of this treatment. Anecdotal claims suggest that compounded hormones can provide individualized treatments specific to a person’s symptoms and hormone levels. no need to apply topical creams or gels each day, use patches, or take oral medicationĪccording to a 2019 article, bioidentical hormones have a molecular structure identical to that of the hormones that naturally occur inside the body.control over the release of hormones so the body can absorb more or less as and when it needs them. ![]() direct absorption of hormones into the bloodstream, avoiding the liver and gastrointestinal system.There may also be advantages of a pellet delivery system, including: protecting against health conditions, such as heart disease and osteoporosis. ![]() ![]() Providers of hormone pellet therapy suggest that the treatment will provide various benefits. The FDA does not regulate compounded pellet therapy and has not approved it. There is little scientific evidence to support the benefits of hormone pellet therapy. The pellets are about the size of a grain of rice. However, there are claims that this kind of hormone therapy is safer and more effective than FDA-approved drugs.īioidentical compounded hormones may include estradiol, estrone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and testosterone.Ī laboratory or pharmacy can make the hormone pellets using a prescription from a doctor. ![]() The reason behind this is that the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) informed the FDA that there is a lack of evidence supporting the safety and effectiveness of compounded hormone therapy. These are known as compounded bioidentical hormone pellets, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved them as a treatment. Hormone pellets often contain a mix of hormones. Bioidentical hormones come from plants and are similar to the hormones that the human body produces. They release hormones called bioidentical hormones. Hormone pellets are implants that a healthcare professional inserts under the skin. Share on Pinterest Westend61/Getty Images ![]() ![]() ![]() This ingenious new boot process does have consequences, though. On the other hand, it’s reliant on the iSC and 1TR remaining backward-compatible with older versions of macOS, a problem which might become apparent with macOS 12 later this year. This is much cleaner than on Intel Macs, where each version has its own Recovery volume, which can lead to confusion and error. The iSC and 1TR containers on internal storage provide boot support and recovery for older versions of macOS which are installed. This makes it possible to engage a different policy when booting from an external disk from that for the internal SSD, and for alternative systems installed on the internal storage too.įor those wanting to dual boot an M1 Mac, it changes the process markedly. However, a separate policy is saved for each system install. When you start up an M1 Mac from an external disk, the first part of the boot process still runs from internal storage and the iBoot System Container, so that it establishes saved security policy. When that’s done, as far as your Mac and Apple are concerned, it’s effectively a new Mac and has to undergo full setup from scratch. If you’re unfortunate enough to completely wipe your M1 Mac’s internal storage, the only way to recover it is to restore the whole firmware and software image in DFU mode with Configurator 2. Although this container still has a Recovery volume, this is more limited and can’t access security policy, for example. If you use code which relies on finding the Data volume by name, you’ll need to check whether that still works. ![]() The normal boot container Apple_APFS isn’t quite the same as that on an Intel Mac either: one subtle but significant difference is that the Data volume isn’t named Macintosh HD – Data, but simply Data. That Recovery volume is designated for recovery, but this container doesn’t have a separate booter volume. This includes a second part of iBoot and all that’s necessary for the M1’s full Recovery Mode. The Apple_APFS_Recovery container is dedicated to providing 1TR, which is stored on its Recovery volume. The xART (volume name) or xarts (volume mountpoint) volume provides trusted storage, while the Hardware volume contains hardware-related files such as logs and activation data. Here, the iSCPreboot volume is the designated booter, and the empty Recovery volume is for recovery. Like the two other containers, it can have designated ‘booter’ and ‘recovery’ volumes, indicated in the above diagram by an asterisk The first, Apple_APFS_ISC, is the iBoot System Container (iSC), and supports the iBoot firmware in the early boot process, as well as providing trusted storage for the Secure Enclave within the M1 SoC. The three containers on an M1 Mac’s internal storage have distinct functions. As that can’t exist on an external bootable disk, and its command line equivalent bputil is largely limited to 1TR, it’s the internal storage which really controls that Mac, even when it’s booted from an external disk. Many of its features, notably its Startup Security Utility which you can use to change the security policy, are only available in 1TR. When you boot an M1 Mac into its new Recovery Mode, it isn’t using the Recovery volume from the standard boot container at all, but what Apple calls 1 True Recovery (1TR) from the Apple_APFS_Recovery container, something which doesn’t exist on an external bootable disk. Thanks to some deeper exploration by Hector Martin of the Asahi Linux project, and some spade work with diskutil, we can now make a bit more sense of what’s on that internal storage, and why it’s so different from what we’ve come to expect. But that’s very different from the structure and contents of that M1 Mac’s internal storage. ![]() The same is true for an external bootable disk for an M1 Mac, which comes complete with its EFI partition and the single container with its boot Volume Group and a volume named Recovery too. It has two partitions, one the traditional EFI in FAT32 format, the other an APFS container within which are the boot Volume Group and the Recovery volume, as shown in the lightly revised diagram below. Make yourself an external bootable disk for an Intel Mac and what you get is essentially the same as on its internal storage. ![]() ![]() In addition, we covered how using the cross-entropy loss, in conjunction with the softmax activation, yields a simple gradient expression in backpropagation.Īs a next step, you may try spinning up a simple image classification model using softmax activation and cross-entropy loss function. You’ve learned to implement both the binary and categorical cross-entropy losses from scratch in Python. They impose a penalty on predictions that are significantly different from the true value. In this tutorial, you’ve learned how binary and categorical cross-entropy losses work. l o g ( p ( s ) ) H(\textbf = p_i - t_i ⟹ ∂ z i ∂ L = p i − t i Īs seen above, the gradient works out to the difference between the predicted and true probability values. It's not obvious that the expression 57 fixes the learning slowdown problem. C 1 n x ylna + (1 y)ln(1 a), where n is the total number of items of training data, the sum is over all training inputs, x, and y is the corresponding desired output. Given a true distribution t and a predicted distribution p, the cross entropy between them is given by the following equation. We define the cross-entropy cost function for this neuron by. In the context of information theory, the cross entropy between two discrete probability distributions is related to KL divergence, a metric that captures how close the two distributions are. As the loss function’s derivative drives the gradient descent algorithm, we’ll learn to compute the derivative of the cross-entropy loss function.īefore we proceed to learn about cross-entropy loss, it’d be helpful to review the definition of cross entropy. We’ll learn how to interpret cross-entropy loss and implement it in Python. In this tutorial, we’ll go over binary and categorical cross-entropy losses, used for binary and multiclass classification, respectively. When training a classifier neural network, minimizing the cross-entropy loss during training is equivalent to helping the model learn to predict the correct labels with higher confidence. While accuracy tells the model whether or not a particular prediction is correct, cross-entropy loss gives information on how correct a particular prediction is. In such problems, you need metrics beyond accuracy. ![]() In classification problems, the model predicts the class label of an input. The goal of optimization is to find those parameters that minimize the loss function: the lower the loss, the better the model. In this process, there’s a loss function that tells the network how good or bad its current prediction is. Have you ever wondered what happens under the hood when you train a neural network? You’ll run the gradient descent optimization algorithm to find the optimal parameters (weights and biases) of the network. ![]() ![]() ![]() It quickly became a sensation in Japan and gained worldwide popularity, with its emotional storytelling, stunning animation, and engaging characters. The anime was produced by Ufotable and premiered in April 2019. Kimetsu no Yaiba is a Japanese anime series based on the manga of the same name written and illustrated by Koyoharu Gotoge. Let’s dive in! XD Introduction: Demon Slayer Anime We’ll give you some tips and tricks on how to watch the latest episode of Demon Slayer, while also making sure we respect copyright laws. Fans have received the season well, and it has also received an English dub, available for streaming on Crunchyroll since May 28, 2023.Hey there! I’m excited to write a blog post for you on Demon Slayer! As Maximum. The opening theme is ‘Kizuna no Kiseki’ (Miracle of Bonds), and the ending theme is ‘Koi Kogare’ (Yearning), both performed by Man with a Mission and Milet. The season features stunning animation, introduces new characters and conflicts, and showcases the Infinity Castle, where powerful demons gather. In the village, Tanjiro reunites with two Hashira members, Muichiro Tokito and Mitsuri Kanroji, and together they face new challenges and battle against demons. It continues the story of Tanjiro and his comrades as they travel to the Swordsmith Village. This season consists of 11 episodes and aired from April 9 to June 18, 2023. Entertainment District brings together episodes 10 and 11 of the broadcast and the Swordsmith Village arc, the first episode of season 3.ĭemon Slayer Season 3, titled ‘Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba – Swordsmith Village Arc,’ is an anime adaptation of volumes twelve to fifteen (chapters 98–127) of the manga series. From there you can watch the Entertainment District arc (Episodes 33-44)ĭownload Demon Slayer Entertainment District MovieĪ second Demon Slayer “movie”, To the Swordsmith Village, was released in early 2023. anyone to watch the Mugen Train feature film or the Mugen Train synopsis (Episodes 27-33). To keep things simple, we recommend watching Demon Slayer season 1 and then choosing. Demon Slayer season 2 is 18 episodes long in total. This ‘Mugen Train’ arc is seven episodes long, followed by 11 completely original episodes in the ‘Entertainment District’ arc. Not only do you get extra scenes, but you also get a bonus episode (episode 27) that provides a little more background to one of Mugen Train’s most important characters. In our educated opinion, we recommend watching the Mugen Train arc adapted for TV rather than a movie. Demon Slayer season 3, AKA the Swordsmith Village Arc (Episodes 45-55).Demon Slayer To the Swordsmith Village movie (Chapters 43-45).Demon Slayer season 2, episode 2 AKA the Entertainment District arc (Episodes 34-44).Demon Slayer season 2: Mugen Train Arc TV series (Episodes 27-33) or mugen train / Infinity Train Movie.The Demon Slayer watch order shown on the page looks a bit like this: Along the way, we’ll stop on a Mugen Train, drive to the Entertainment District, and then find our way around the Swordsmith Village curve slowly. ![]() With the Demon Slayer season 3 coming to an end, we now have the full picture of how to watch the Demon Slayer in turn. ![]() Download Kimetsu no Yaiba: Demon Slayer (Season 1-3+Movie) in English Dubbing and Subtitles in HD. ![]() ![]() Puff's Boating School, but he never succeeds. One of his life's greatest goals is to obtain a boat-driving license from Mrs. SpongeBob has a childlike enthusiasm for life, which carries over to his job as a fry cook at a fast food restaurant called the Krusty Krab. SpongeBob SquarePants is an energetic and optimistic yellow sea sponge who lives in a submerged pineapple. The series revolves around the title character and an ensemble cast of his aquatic friends. Krabs, SpongeBob, Squidward, Gary, Patrick, and Mrs. Top row, from left to right: Pearl, Plankton, and Karen. Main article: List of SpongeBob SquarePants characters The series' main characters. The series is also noted for having a profound impact on Generation Z. A Broadway musical based on it opened in 2017 to critical acclaim. SpongeBob SquarePants has won a variety of awards including six Annie Awards, eight Golden Reel Awards, four Emmy Awards, two BAFTA Children's Awards, and a record-breaking twenty Kids' Choice Awards. As of February 2022, four additional films are planned: three character spinoff films for Paramount+ and Netflix, and a new theatrical SpongeBob film. Two spin-off series, Kamp Koral: SpongeBob's Under Years and The Patrick Star Show, premiered in 2021. It has inspired three feature films: The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (2004), Sponge Out of Water (2015), and Sponge on the Run (2020). ![]() The thirteenth season began in October 2020, and the series was renewed for a fourteenth season on March 24, 2022. It gained enormous popularity by its second season, and has subsequently received worldwide critical acclaim. The series officially premiered on July 17, 1999. Nickelodeon aired a preview for the series in the United States on May 1, 1999, after the airing of the 1999 Kids' Choice Awards. Puff and her boating school so SpongeBob could attend school as an adult. He was prepared to abandon the series, but compromised by creating Mrs. The network's executives wanted SpongeBob to be a child in school, but Hillenburg preferred SpongeBob to be an adult character. After Rocko was cancelled in 1996, he began developing SpongeBob SquarePants into a television series that same year and in 1997, a seven-minute pilot was pitched to Nickelodeon. ![]() Hillenburg joined Nickelodeon in 1992 as an artist on Rocko's Modern Life. Many of the series's ideas originated in The Intertidal Zone, an unpublished educational comic book Hillenburg created in 1989 to teach his students about undersea life. By 2019, it had generated over $13 billion in merchandising revenue. ![]() Its popularity made it a media franchise, the highest rated Nickelodeon series, and the most profitable property for Paramount Consumer Products. As of 2019, the series was the fifth-longest-running American animated series. It chronicles the adventures of the title character and his aquatic friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom. SpongeBob SquarePants (commonly known as SpongeBob) is an American animated comedy television series created by marine science educator and animator Stephen Hillenburg for Nickelodeon. ![]() ![]() ![]() But that’s still a considerable amount of space. The only downside of the Vansuny flash drive is that its max storage capacity is 128 GB. And it comes with fingerprint and facial recognition for added security. Like many other flash drives, the Vansuny also comes with an app that lets you sync your files safely. It has an ergonomic slider that quickly pulls out the plug when you need to use it. The Lightning port on the Vansuny flash drive is retractable to prevent damage when not in use. It’s perfect for transferring files from Android to iPhone or iPad and vice versa. But it also comes with an attachable USB-C plug. The Vansuny flash drive has a standard lighting cable for your iPhone. It has all the necessary features to transfer files from your phone to your computer. But of course, this storage device isn’t just about looks. Vansuny is a sleek flash drive with brushed aluminum that gives it a premium feel. Its Luv Share App lets you back up your files with a single tap on your phone. It also features fingerprint recognition to ensure your files are safe. The kit comes with a micro USB as well.Īs for data security, Starrluk has password protection. And if you have an older phone, don’t worry. You can switch them out depending on your device. It comes with detachable USB-C and Lightning ports. ![]() It’s also compatible with Android smartphones. Starrluk also isn’t only a flash drive for iPhone. It’s the best option if you have an iPhone like the iPhone 13 Pro Max, which also has 1 TB of storage. That’s way more than any flash drive on this list offers. Let’s look at the few advantages it has with competing storage devices.įirst, Starrluk comes with 1 TB of storage. But it’s also one of the options with the most features. Sttarluk is one of the more affordable flash drives on this list. That’s convenient, especially if you’re in a location with no internet connection. It lets you access your files at any time without connecting to Wi-Fi. The PNY DUO LINK comes with the PNY DUO LINK 4 app that features automatic backup. ![]() It features a USB plug that makes it compatible with most computers. This lets you transfer files quickly and doubles as a charger for your iPhone or iPad Mini. Unlike flash drives with a solid body, this device has a short flexible cable. It also doubles as a connecting cable to your computer. What makes the DUO LINK different? It’s more than a flash drive for iPhone. But for smartphone photos and videos, even 32 GB is more than enough, in our opinion. The storage space options are a bit lower than the Sandisk iXpand. It can store 32, 64, and 128 GB of files. The DUO LINK is the best iPhone flash drive that PNY offers. They have everything from solid-state drives to, you guessed it, several iPhone flash drive options. It has produced high-quality storage devices for decades. Like Sandisk, PNY is another excellent brand. It also features password protection to ensure nobody else can access your files. It sends your files to the Cloud via the iXpand Drive app. This SanDisk iPhone USB drive has automatic backup. Of course, it comes with a USB-C connector if you need to transfer those files quickly to your computer. So you don’t have to worry about filling up your memory while shooting footage. It lets you record video straight to the flash drive. If you’re a smartphone filmmaker, you can use the iXpand as an iPhone external storage. But if you have a lot of files to transfer, you can always get the 128 or 256 GB options. 64 GB is enough to store all the files from a single iPhone. This iPhone flash drive comes in 64, 128, and 256 GB storage. So if you want a reliable flash drive for your iPhone, the SanDisk iXpand is your best choice. iPhone users know it for its quality products. SanDisk has been around longer than most brands selling flash drives. So you can be certain that using it will be safe for your files and smartphone. MFI stands for “Made For iPhone, iPod, and iPad.” That means Apple approved this flash drive for use on their devices. There are many iPhone flash units out there with questionable quality. Just plug in the iDiskk and you’re ready to transfer! With the iDiskk, you wouldn’t even need the other phone to move all your photos and videos. You either need to connect two devices using a cable or via Wi-Fi. Typically, moving data can be frustrating. The iDiskk is most helpful if you want to transfer files from an iOS device to an Android or vice versa. Finally, it has a USB 3.0 port you can plug into your computer. But it also features a micro USB for older Android smartphones and cameras and USB-C for newer devices. Of course, it includes the iPhone USB Lightning port. And it’s compatible with Android phones as well. If you buy a product through one of our referral links we will earn a commission (without costing you anything).įor us, the iDiskk photo stick is the ultimate Lightning flash drive for iPhone. ![]() ![]() ![]() Gene preference in maple syrup urine disease. MSUD presents locus heterogeneity, which means that it can be caused either by mutations in BCKDHA, BCKDHB, or DBT genes or by allelic heterogeneity ( 1 1. ![]() Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that results in decreased activity of the branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex, leading to accumulation of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Heterozygous donor Metabolic disease Branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase mutation Leucine Genotype Further studies with this population of patients are required to expand the use of related donors in MSUD. Routine donor genotyping may not be feasible, because the test is not widely available, and, most importantly, the disease is associated with both the presence of allelic and locus heterogeneity. In conclusion, our data suggest that the use of a related donor in LT for MSUD was effective, and the liver of the MSUD patient was successfully used in domino transplantation. This mutation was not found in his mother, who is an obligatory carrier for MSUD according to the family history and, as expected, presented both normal clinical phenotype and levels of branched-chain amino acids. DNA analysis performed after the transplantation (sequencing of the coding regions of BCKDHA, BCKDHB, and DBT genes) showed that the MSUD patient was heterozygous for a pathogenic mutation in the BCKDHB gene. ![]() The postoperative course was uneventful in all three subjects. The donor was the patient's mother, and his liver was then used as a domino graft. We report a case of a 2-year-old child with MSUD who underwent a living donor LT. The use of living related donors has been controversial because parents are obligatory heterozygotes. Children with MSUD can present severe neurological damage, but liver transplantation (LT) allows the patient to resume a normal diet and avoid further neurological damage. Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive disease associated with high levels of branched-chain amino acids. ![]() ![]() ![]() Close the app completely so that it doesn’t run in the background. Below you’ll find all the ways to fix this problem.ġ. The app then crashes to the home screen followed by an error message. When users try to open the app, it gets stuck in the loading screen and the app stops responding for a few seconds leading to a black screen or white screen of death. If not try opening the app using a WiFi network instead mi movistar by telefonica espana sau App Crashing Issue / Black Screen and White Screen Issue (Blank Screen) FixĪpp Crashes frequently occur. Check your mobile data connection to see if you have an active mobile data network. Most apps require you to have an active internet connection to load properly. You didn’t have an active internet connection while opening the app. Wait for some time and then check again.Ĥ. Too many users are trying to use the app at the same time which caused server CPU overload. Wait for 30 minutes to 1 hour and then reopen the app.ģ. This could happen due to power outages in the app server farm. The mi movistar by telefonica espana sau app server could be down the server is offline. Now, close and then reopen the app and see if it’s working.Ģ. * Pause any active app or file downloads. * Close all other apps and programs running in the background. * Close all the app tabs except the one you’re trying to open that’s showing the error message. To fix this you need to free up memory on your device using the following steps. Your Android or iOS device has run out of free memory and cannot open this app while running other apps and programs in the background. Reasons why the app isn’t opening or loading on your device are:ġ. I have listed all the common problems related to mi movistar by telefonica espana sau and their detailed solutions to troubleshoot and fix these problems The mi movistar by telefonica espana sau App Won’t Load / Open (Loading Error, Server Timeout Error, Connection Reset Error, Connection Failed Error) There could be several reasons why the app is not working. Are you having an issue while opening mi movistar by telefonica espana sau app on your mobile device. ![]() ![]() Use images where the copyright has expired (e.g. Ways that you can legally use images in your recorded lectures include: If you are unsure whether your use is permitted under copyright law, please contact LSE’s Copyright Officer for advice. Before including an image in your presentation, consider whether its use is covered by one of the categories below. Please remember that these images will almost certainly be subject to copyright. It is very easy to download images from the Internet and include them in your presentations. Remember that the person who uploads a video to YouTube may not be the content owner, and rather than making a copy of what may be unlicensed material, it is advised that you share the url of the resource with students via Moodle so that they can access it directly. It may also be possible to include clips of videos from YouTube in your lectures and recordings by relying on one of the legal exceptions. Some content may be available for educational use or under a CC licence if so this should be indicated on the site, and you must ensure that you comply with any conditions of use. The copyright in videos that you might show from sites such as YouTube resides with the creator of the video, so you would need to obtain permission directly from them (YouTube cannot grant this on their behalf). What about showing (and recording) material from YouTube or social media? These low grade copies are still subject to copyright, and whilst clips may be included in recordings by relying on one of the legal exceptions, substantial use of the content should not be recorded using lecture capture unless you get permission from the copyright holder. However, the lecture recording process will only make a low grade copy of any videos you show in class, so this is not a recommended way to make such materials available to your students. What about showing (and recording) material from commercially bought videos or DVD’s?Ĭommercially purchased videos and DVD’s can be shown in class for educational purposes. Before using the material, please check the licence terms, and ensure that you provide attribution as required under the licence. We recommend that you use the Box of Broadcasts service for access to digitised TV and radio broadcasts.įor Creative Commons (CC) licensed material that you find online, it is likely that you will be able to include this content within a recorded lecture. You can also show (and copy) material from on demand TV services such as the BBC iplayer under the ERA Licence. Staff wishing to include copyright works in their teaching, are asked to use the Reading Lists LSE system to request material.Īdditionally LSE have an Educational Recording Agency (ERA) licence, which permits the use of (and copying of) TV and radio broadcasts for educational purposes. Scanning must be carried out by the Library to ensure the terms and conditions of this licence are complied with. This includes illustrations and images within the works. The Copyright Licensing Agency (CLA) Higher Education Licence allows a proportion of published copyright works (books and journals) to be copied for teaching purposes. ![]() What am I allowed to include in a recorded lecture? It may be permitted to include the work in a recorded lecture if the use is considered fair, but there is always an element of risk if you choose to do this. These exceptions are subject to the ‘fair dealing’ test (which involves judging if the work might be affected economically by you copying it, in addition to a judgment about the amount you are copying). You may also use small amounts of copyright material for the purposes of ‘quotation, criticism and review’ and for ‘illustration for instruction’. ![]() Showing a video, such as an excerpt from a film and playing music is permitted under the law, provided it is solely for the purposes of education and the lecture is not recorded. Are there any exceptions that might allow copyright works to be used? The law states that copying for the purposes of ‘illustration for instruction’ is permitted, provided the amount of copying is fair and appropriately acknowledged. ![]() an image, video clip or piece of text) belonging to another person or organisation in the course of your teaching. You may occasionally wish to use copyright work (e.g. Can I use copyright material in my lectures? Answers to the questions below will also apply to pre-recorded lecture materials. There are a number of copyright issues associated with the use of the lecture recording system and these guidelines are set out as answers to commonly asked questions. ![]() |
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